Peripheral Arterial Disease free essay sample

A discussion on peripheral arterial disease, also known as PAD, a chronic condition in which arteries that supply blood to the legs become blocked by a buildup of plaque. The following paper examines the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of PAD, a form of atherosclerosis, a progressive disease characterized by fatty deposits in the inner layer of the arteries, which gradually narrows the artery. The writer particularly focus on Raynauds one of the forms of PAD which causes fingers and toes to turn blue and white with cold . Its important to remember that many people have PAD without having any symptoms. Such individuals are at higher risk for a stroke or heart attack. Research indicates that the risk for dying from heart disease is six times higher for people who have PAD, and PAD patients have a 30 percent risk of dying from a cardiovascular-related problem within five years after the initial diagnosis of PAD (University of Penn Health System). We will write a custom essay sample on Peripheral Arterial Disease or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is essential that anyone who has health problems or a lifestyle that could lead to PAD be aware of the symptoms of this potentially life-threatening disease, as see a doctor for any problems. Peripheral arterial disease can be controlled in most cases. People only need to be aware of the signs.

Free Essays on Samuri

Samurai and Bushido: What You Didn’t Know It is fairly common for people to have heard of samurai. It goes along with a lot of ideas associated with Japan and their culture. People think of majestic warriors from long ago. However, a lot of people, like myself, are not familiar with the word bushido. There is a huge association between samurai and bushido. Bushido was the way by which samurai were guided in life. Samurai were a huge part of the Japanese civilization for several hundred years. In this paper, I will cover the history of the samurai and the principles by which they lived their lives. Although a warrior class had existed for hundreds of years in Japanese society, the samurai did not emerge until the twelfth century C.E. (Hall, 8). The word samurai was derived from the word saburai, meaning â€Å"to serve. â€Å" The first mention of the term was seen sometime in the eighth century, but in reference to servants (Turnbull, 16). Although royalty lived lavishly, there were warlords and rebels always challenging their authority and causing a concern for their safety. Unable to rely on their royal guards, they put their sons and servants under the leadership of warrior-chiefs well known for their fighting ability. The groups of warriors offered their services to lords in exchange for protection and a share in the booty captured. The relationship between the lord and warrior was very serious. The warrior was expected to dedicate his life to the service of the lord in return for certain rewards. Towards the end of the twelfth century, the rival clans, Taira and Minamoto, assisted the emperor in quelling his enemies. However, after the episode the clans turned against each other and began fighting. Eventually the Minamoto clan won and the leader of the clan proclaimed himself shogun, or military leader. The position of shogun was normally temporary, but the leader of the Minamoto made it a permanent position, taki... Free Essays on Samuri Free Essays on Samuri Samurai and Bushido: What You Didn’t Know It is fairly common for people to have heard of samurai. It goes along with a lot of ideas associated with Japan and their culture. People think of majestic warriors from long ago. However, a lot of people, like myself, are not familiar with the word bushido. There is a huge association between samurai and bushido. Bushido was the way by which samurai were guided in life. Samurai were a huge part of the Japanese civilization for several hundred years. In this paper, I will cover the history of the samurai and the principles by which they lived their lives. Although a warrior class had existed for hundreds of years in Japanese society, the samurai did not emerge until the twelfth century C.E. (Hall, 8). The word samurai was derived from the word saburai, meaning â€Å"to serve. â€Å" The first mention of the term was seen sometime in the eighth century, but in reference to servants (Turnbull, 16). Although royalty lived lavishly, there were warlords and rebels always challenging their authority and causing a concern for their safety. Unable to rely on their royal guards, they put their sons and servants under the leadership of warrior-chiefs well known for their fighting ability. The groups of warriors offered their services to lords in exchange for protection and a share in the booty captured. The relationship between the lord and warrior was very serious. The warrior was expected to dedicate his life to the service of the lord in return for certain rewards. Towards the end of the twelfth century, the rival clans, Taira and Minamoto, assisted the emperor in quelling his enemies. However, after the episode the clans turned against each other and began fighting. Eventually the Minamoto clan won and the leader of the clan proclaimed himself shogun, or military leader. The position of shogun was normally temporary, but the leader of the Minamoto made it a permanent position, taki...

Telecommunications Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Telecommunications - Term Paper Example One strength of working in this company for me is that I can take my career to the next level by continuing my studies as the company provides me with the opportunity of continued professional development. The company takes very good care of its workforce and their needs. The company invests in the training and development of the existing workforce to inculcate the technical skills in them required to take the company further. Next year, my Master program in the telecommunication engineering would be sponsored by my company. Another strength of working in this company for me is that I am the only telecommunication engineer in the company handling all the technical work related to telecommunication engineering. Therefore, the room for me to handle all kinds of different operations of telecommunication engineering in the company and enhance my skills as well as to excel in the company is a lot. One weakness of working in this company for me is that since I am the only telecommunication engineer, I have to handle everything. This increases the load for me and sometimes, the work is too much to do singlehandedly. Although I usually get to manage the work within the time, but some times I have to overstay in order to do my work. Another weakness of this company originates basically in the nature of my job. My job is of such nature that problem can arise any time 24/7 and I have to address that wherever I am. So many times, I am called from home after the break off time to fix a certain error in the telecommunication network because of the importance of telecommunication in the routinely work. The opportunities for my job in this company are that this company is growing. It is an athletic footwear company. The company has redesigned its footwear and the new design is much more durable and long-lasting than the old design. The company is investing a lot in marketing its new product, and the response to it so far is overwhelming. Considering this and the

School's Pastoral Structure and Pupil Achievement Essay

School's Pastoral Structure and Pupil Achievement - Essay Example According to the report findings  Pastoral Care, rather than the aggregate of actions or exercises that employ its practitioners over time, in essence is the underlying impetus for the care in its implementation. Effective Pastoral Care facilitates optimal education by cultivating open communication between students and practitioners as well as carers and parents. Through discrete consultation and positive attention to the student's personal learning style, pastoral care serves to augment the greatest prospects for quality realisation of each pupil's best. When a pastoral curriculum   succeeds in promoting good relations and feedback in the academic process among all participants, it is an operative element of successful education of the whole person.From this discussion it is clear that  significant research currently indicates that academic structures operating under the auspices of pastoral care can quite easily relapse into an academic exercise less focused on aspects of st udent welfare than issues of social management and organizational expediency, carving a considerable gap between lip-service and actuality.  Distortions of pastoral care transpire when perfunctory notions of education seize control of the comprehensive discipline. The upshot is a dichotomy between pastoral care and the academic curriculum where the educational ambience, frustrated by an obsession with control, intensifies an instinctive power struggle on the part of young people who on the whole are naturally prone to test the limits of independence.   A study of student attitudes toward pastoral care shows that on average pupils mistrust its nuances basically as a further assertion of school authority over their lives (Power 75). When government mandates hold teachers accountable for pupil performance the temptation is to assert more control in the classroom. The National Literacy Strategy intervention may authoritatively approve interactive whole-class teaching but by all indications such policies drive practitioners to more autocratic styles of instruction with little occasion for student discovery and development of intellectual insights. Legislative impositions, deliberated from the inside, tend to repeat time-worn educational models from sheer precedent (Watkins 3). A survey of pastoral curricula across schools in a single London borough distinguished four diverse types: tutorial-centred, tutorial aimed at individual and communal learning, the pastoral curriculum integrated into the responsibilities of the faculties, and, finally, a pastoral curriculum strongly established as the academic culture (Best 19). In his article "Pastoral Care and the Millennium," Ron Best regrets that the 1988 Education Act ironically discourages any real progress on a pastoral outlook for the National Curriculum that might have been designed to advance the very expertise and competence that furthers individual initiative in the context of social accountability (Collins and McNiff 27). In terms of evaluating academic merit, intangible values whose worth is easily ascertained, are cast into doubt and abandoned with neglect. Instead

Avaition law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Avaition law - Essay Example eferences confirm the significance of ALIs product and lend support to our belief that the Restatement (Third) will have a significant influence in establishing a more uniform national products liability law. The Restatement (Third) already is having a notable impact on the products liability jurisprudence of many states. The states treatment of the Restatement (Third) is grouped into three categories. The first category consists of those states that expressly have incorporated various sections of the Restatement into their law. The second category consists of states that expressly have rejected various provisions or principles of the Restatement. The final category consists of states that have cited and discussed the Restatement in a significant way, but whose treatment of the Restatement falls short of an express adoption or rejection. The issue before the Supreme Court of Iowa in Lovick v. Wil-Rich,3 was whether the trial court erred in its instruction to the jury regarding the defendant-manufacturers post-sale duty to warn. In concluding that the instruction was improper, on the grounds that the court failed to inform the jury of the â€Å"special† circumstances affecting the reasonableness of the manufacturers conduct, the Iowa Supreme Court expressly adopted Section 10 of the Restatement (Third), â€Å"including the need to articulate the relevant factors to consider in determining the reasonableness of providing a warning after the sale.† Although Section 10 was consistent, in principle, with Iowa law, the Iowa Supreme Courts adoption of Section 10 in full, and its corresponding rejection of an Iowa standard jury instruction, underscores the significance of the Iowa development. The second category consist of those states that expressly have rejected various aspects of the Restatement (Third). This group consists of Connecticut, Kansas, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, and Tennessee. Although New Jersey also was one of the states in the first

Research on Piagets Developmental Psychology Theory

Research on Piagets Developmental Psychology Theory The great contribution of Jean Piaget on developmental psychology is undoubtedly. However, in the past 30 years, there are a number of study criticism his suggestion, which the infant younger than six months do not have the permanent object concept. What follows is a discussion of examining when infant would acquire object concept. First, it will explain the proposition of Piaget on this topic. Then, it will examine Bower’s study which challenges and questions Piaget’s claim of the object concept. After that, it will focus on Baillargeon’s study and found out the flaw and weakness of her study by different recent research. Finally, it will draw a conclusion on the topic. In 60s, Jean Piaget suggested the theory of cognitive development. In Piaget (1963), he started to investigate the age when the infants acquire object permanence. He considers object permanence as the most vital accomplishments. This concept makes human can separate different objects and know permanent existence of an object (Piaget, 1963). Which mean under the object concept human could understand each object is unitary entities and exist independently of third party actions (Piaget, 1963). Piaget suggested that infant younger than 8 month still did not acquire the object permanence concept (Piaget, 1963). In these infant’s mind, an object out of sight is out of mind. Piaget thought that 4–8 months infant start to develop a object concept slowly and gradually on this stage. Also, during this stage they are having a transition from egocentric (just using self-to-object view) to allocentric (could use object-to-object view) (Piaget, 1963). The main changes in this transi tion is that the infant start to use a viewpoint of a third person or object and seen themselves as an independent object. In Piaget’s Blanket and Ball Study, he put a toy under a blanket, meanwhile the infant can watch the whole process (Piaget, 1977). Then observe infant searched for the hidden toy or not. This experiment, Piaget define that if the infant succeeds to discover the hidden toy, then it was an evidence of object permanence (Piaget, 1977). Since he assumed that only the infant had a mental representation can search for a hidden toy. In the result, he found that infant around 8-months-old succeeds to search for the hidden toy (Piaget, 1977). Finally, he concludes that infant around 8 months acquired object permanence, due to they can form a mental representation of the object in their brain. Although Piaget‘s research got a high level of reliability (Harris, 1987), there is a lack of explanation for why the rest of infant (before 8 month) fails in the experiment (Mehler Dupoux, 1994). Diamond (1988) found that the prefrontal cortex of human is related to holding representation in memory and motor response. Base on this finding, Mehler Dupoux (1994) suggested that the infants who fail to search imply rather than the absence of an object concept. They may have an inability to coordinate the movements. Which mean if the research constructs a task that without complex motor demands, it may examine object permanence in the infant who younger than 8 months more accurately. In the study of Bower (1966; 1967), he has used a violation of expectation (VOE) paradigm to examine it. Bower gave object occlusion and reveal events in infant to watch. Some of them were possible (object slowly hidden by another) and some impossible (object slowly dissolving) (Bower, 1966). Bower t hrough measure the changes in heart rate of infant to indicate the differences of their reaction to two events. Then through the response to infer a degree of object permanence in eight weeks old infant. However, there had a confounding effect of novelty in infant which the researcher was not noticed before the experiment (Bower, 1967). As the result, infant just interest in the possible event not impossible event. Whereas the confounding factor, it could not draw any interpretation from the data but it construct a VOE experimental framework to the latter study. After that Bower, Broughton and Moore (1971) kept investigating the topic by using tracking tasks to 20 week-old infants. They leaded the infant track a moving object and recorded the result as it approached and passed behind a blocker. They found that the gaze of infants were disrupted when after the object pass through the blocker and switch to a different one. It implied that infants have an expectation of the original object would emerge again but disrupts by the experiment. In the other word, a 20 week-old infants may also have ability of object permanence and persistent internal representation. Their finding totally contradicted to Piaget theory. After on, Bower and Wishart (1972) used 20 week-old infants again to take part in the experiment which leaded the infants track the object and it will occlude, darkening the room. The result showed the infants continued to track for the object on the trajectory. It supported the result of Bower et al (1971) and continues challenging Piaget’s belief. In 80s, a researcher Baillargeon done a series of studies and experiment to criticize Piaget’s theory. Baillargeon, Spelke and Wasserman (1985) utilize VOE within a habituation method to examine infant’s mental ability. Habituation is assumed to count as the infants start looking away due to loss of interest. Two equivalent test events are shown to them based on the first habituation event. One was consistent with object properties (the possible event), and the other one was not (the impossible event) (Baillargeon et al, 1985). It is vital to note that they also assumed different degrees of dishabituation were indicated by the length of looking time between the test events. Then, of degrees of dishabituation to infer about infants’ object concept. Baillargeon et al (1985) constructed a ‘drawbridge study’ to test the 5 months old infants. For the habituation event, the drawbridge rotated through 180 ° itself. In the test event, a coloured block was placed behind the drawbridge, then, the drawbridge rotated backward to the block. For the possible event, the drawbridge normally stopped at a place which the block supported it. For the impossible event, the drawbridge continue to rotate and pass through the space that occupied by the block. For these events, the drawbridge finally rotate reversed to its original position. In their finding, a youngest 14 week infants had a longer looking time at the impossible event (Baillargeon et al, 1985). Furthermore, the result had appeared several times in the latter study and confirmed by using a variety of stimuli (Baillargeon 1986; Baillargeon Graber, 1987; Baillargeon DeVos, 1991). As above explain. Baillargeon using the dishabituation result on the impossible event to int erpret infants were surprised by the event and imply infants have an expectations about the normal rule of objects. Then, Baillargeon drew a conclusion that these inferences proved infants have a permanent object concept which substantially earlier than 8 month (Piaget’s claim). However, there also lots of study found some flaw of Baillargeon’s study and criticise it. On the research of Bogartz, Shinskey and Speaker (1997), they found a confounding factor on Baillargeon Graber (1987) study, indicated there could have some missed stimulus features on infant’s gaze when habituating. As the consequence, it would increase the attraction of an impossible event and confound to the experimental result (Bogartz et al, 1997). Other criticisms about Baillargeon’s study suggest by Rivera, Wakeley and Langer (1999). They discovered that the habituation event and the impossible event of the Baillargeon’s ‘drawbridge’ studies, both event were scored longer gazing time. They interpreted that infants just prefer the event which involveed more movement and that would gain more attention of infants (remark: impossible event has 180 ° rotation and possible event only has 112 °) (Rivera et al, 1999). Also, Bogartz et al and Rivera et al both found the incompleteness of some VOE experimental designs which were replicating the VOE findings of (Wang, Baillargeon and Brueckner’s, 2004) were without habituation trials. They argued that it is important to complete a habituating events before testing event to produce transient preferences. Furthermore, in the recent Baillargeon’s study, she acknowledged that her interpretation of her own VOE researches were having some flaw and may be plausible. Due to the development of science was progressing quickly, the method of measuring cognitive thinking also progressed which bring a severe challenge to Baillargeon’s inference. Schà ¶ner and Thelen (2006) constructed the habituation and VOE task base on a dynamic field model. By their method, did not need to invoke any kind of symbolic mental representation. They just utilized the dynamic field model on modelling Baillargeon’s drawbridge’ studies and VOE tasks and treated it as â€Å"a series of perceptual events subject to basic habituation dynamicsâ€Å"(Schà ¶ner Thelen, 2006; p.289). They suggested that assumptions of Baillargeon’s VOE paradigms were misleading and oversimplify the dynamics of habituation in significant which mean there were many interactions of variables were not accounted. Such as they found an order effect on VOE experiment (done by Baillargeon, 1987) when presented the impossible stimulus in order of the second. Therefore it w as unable to use Baillargeon’s study to interpret about infant’s object concept and acquire it at which stage. Although Schà ¶ner and Thelen’s model seemto overturn the result of all pervious VOE studies, some point should be pay attention. First, at the very beginning the dynamic field model is just a mathematical abstraction and it originally was designed for measuring cognitive thinking. Second, when Schà ¶ner and Thelen (2006) model Baillargeon’s study, they had assumed that the impossible event was more similar to the habituation event. Finally, they did not solve the problem of stimulus equivalence in VOE experiment. In this paper, it has explained how Piaget interprets infant cognitive thinking and how they perceive the world and how they process the visual information. Then, it examined the view of different developmental psychologist research, mainly from Bower and Baillargeon. Finally, through a modern perceptive of Schà ¶ner Thelen criticise Baillargeon’s study. However, in the last this paper still cannot draw a conclusion about at what age the infant would acquire object concept. Since scientists still do not have a method that could directly read infant’s or humans mind. If the researcher continues using some indirect method such as habituation VOE and interpretation of infant’s object concept. There are usually having some flaw because in the process of interpreting, it may involve certain extend of guessing (e.g in Baillargeon’s drawbridge’ studies, she observed dishabituation, then she guessed the infant was surprised, then guessed infant might have object concept.) Therefore, in this paper cannot find an exact answer to the topic question. References Baillargeon, R, Graber, M. (1987). Where’s the Rabbit? 5.5-Month-Old Infants’ Representations of the Height of a Hidden Object. Cognitive Development, 2, 375-392. Baillargeon, R. DeVos, J. (1991). Object Permanence in Young Infants: Further Evidence. ChildDevelopment, 62, 1227-1246. Baillargeon, R. (1986). Representing the Existence and the Location of Hidden Objects: Object Permanence in 6- and 8-Month-Old Infants. Cognition, 23, 21-41. Baillargeon, R., Spelke, E.S. Wasserman, S. (1985). Object Permanence in Five-Month-Old Infants. Cognition, 20, 191-208. Bogartz, R.S., Shinskey, J.L. Speaker, C.J. (1997). Interpreting Infant Looking: The Event Set x Event Set Design. Developmental Psychology, 33, 408-422. Bower, T.G.R. Wishart, J.G. (1972). The Effects of Motor Skill on Object Permanence. Cognition, 1, 165-172. Bower, T.G.R. (1966). The Visual World of Infants. Scientific American, 215, 80-92. Bower, T.G.R. (1967). The Development of Object Permanence: Some Studies of Existence Constancy. Perception Psychophysics, 2, 411-418. Bower, T.G.R., Broughton, J.M. Moore, M.K. (1971). Development of the Object Concept as Manifested in the Tracking Behaviour of Infants Between 7 and 20 Weeks of Age. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 11, 182-193.Developmental Science, 12, 670-679. Diamond, A. (1988). Abilities and neural mechanisms underlying AB performance. Child Development, 523-527.Evidence from Violation of Expectation Tasks with Test Trials Only. Cognition, 23, 167-198. Harris, P.L. (1987). The Development of Search. In P.Salapatek L.B.Cohen (Eds.) â€Å"Handbook ofInfant Perception. Vol. 2†. New York NY, Academic Press. Jackson, I. Sirois, S. (2009). Infant Cognition: Going Full Factorial with Pupil Dilation. Mehler, J. Dupoux, E. (1994). What Infants Know: The New Cognitive Science of Early Development. Oxford, Blackwell. Piaget, J. (1963). The Psychology of Intelligence. Totowa, New Jersey: Littlefield Adams. Piaget, J. (1977). The role of action in the development of thinking (pp. 17-42). Springer US. Rivera, S.M., Wakeley, A. Langer, J. (1999). The Drawbridge Phenomenon: Representational Reasoning or Perceptual Preference? Developmental Psychology, 35, 427-435. Schà ¶ner, G. Thelen, E. (2006). Using Dynamic Field Theory to Rethink Infant Habituation. Psychological Review, 113, 273-299. Wang, S-h., Baillargeon, R. Brueckner, L. (2004). Young Infants’ Reasoning About Hidden Objects:

Importance of Strategic Planning when Entering International Markets Es

Importance of Strategic Planning when Entering International Markets When a company decides to take their business international, there are many different factors that they need to take into account. There are differences in management styles, international laws and treaties that regulate international business, trade barriers, tariffs, taxes, exchange rates as well as cultural customs that come into play. Each of these is significant and needs to be taken into account in order to minimize potential problems. It is essential to an expanding company to study these factors and integrate them into taking their business abroad. Many times, lack of knowledge can create serious problems and in some situations stop a business deal from happening all together. If such matters are not ever correctly dealt with they can completely destroy the entire business. All a company needs to do to reduce this risk is some research in the international market. Today it is difficult to completely stay out of the international market place. Even if a business is completely based in a specific country, it is very possible that another company outside their country supplies them. Even if there is a small company that is simply importing some parts from Mexico, there are rules that must be met for NAFTA. It is almost impossible today for a company to avoid dealing with international issues. That is why all companies should have some understanding of international business. When first discussing international business, one must realize how beneficial international trade is to the world. Trade amongst countries has been growing very rapidly since the end of the Second World War. One way of looking at international trade is the simpl... ...se Expatriate Managers in Canada.† Journal of International Business Studies 27 (1996): 443-466. 9. Robicheaux, R. A. and Bandyopadhay, S. â€Å"Working With Dealers in India.† Journalof Managerial Issues 7 (1995): 379-402. 10. Saimee, S. â€Å"Costomer Evaluation of Products in a Global Market.† Journal of International Business Studies 25 (1994): 579-604. 11. Simos, Evangelos O. and Triantis, John E. â€Å"International Economic Outlook.† The Journal of Business Forcasting Methods & Systems 18 (1999): 32-36 12. Srinivasan, T. India. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 1994. 13. â€Å"There’s No Such Thing as Simple in International Business.† Agency Sales 29 (1999): 4-6 14. Walter, Ingo and Murray, Tracy. Handbook of International Business. New York: Ronald Press Publication, 1982. Importance of Strategic Planning when Entering International Markets Es Importance of Strategic Planning when Entering International Markets When a company decides to take their business international, there are many different factors that they need to take into account. There are differences in management styles, international laws and treaties that regulate international business, trade barriers, tariffs, taxes, exchange rates as well as cultural customs that come into play. Each of these is significant and needs to be taken into account in order to minimize potential problems. It is essential to an expanding company to study these factors and integrate them into taking their business abroad. Many times, lack of knowledge can create serious problems and in some situations stop a business deal from happening all together. If such matters are not ever correctly dealt with they can completely destroy the entire business. All a company needs to do to reduce this risk is some research in the international market. Today it is difficult to completely stay out of the international market place. Even if a business is completely based in a specific country, it is very possible that another company outside their country supplies them. Even if there is a small company that is simply importing some parts from Mexico, there are rules that must be met for NAFTA. It is almost impossible today for a company to avoid dealing with international issues. That is why all companies should have some understanding of international business. When first discussing international business, one must realize how beneficial international trade is to the world. Trade amongst countries has been growing very rapidly since the end of the Second World War. One way of looking at international trade is the simpl... ...se Expatriate Managers in Canada.† Journal of International Business Studies 27 (1996): 443-466. 9. Robicheaux, R. A. and Bandyopadhay, S. â€Å"Working With Dealers in India.† Journalof Managerial Issues 7 (1995): 379-402. 10. Saimee, S. â€Å"Costomer Evaluation of Products in a Global Market.† Journal of International Business Studies 25 (1994): 579-604. 11. Simos, Evangelos O. and Triantis, John E. â€Å"International Economic Outlook.† The Journal of Business Forcasting Methods & Systems 18 (1999): 32-36 12. Srinivasan, T. India. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 1994. 13. â€Å"There’s No Such Thing as Simple in International Business.† Agency Sales 29 (1999): 4-6 14. Walter, Ingo and Murray, Tracy. Handbook of International Business. New York: Ronald Press Publication, 1982.